goodwins theory

Media

·       Soft focus: deliberate slight blurring or lack of definition in a photograph or film

·       Shallow focus: photographic and cinematographic technique incorporating a small depth of field. In shallow focus one plane of the image is in focus while the rest is out of focus. Shallow focus is typically used to emphasize one part of the image over another

·       Deep focus: Deep focus is a style or technique of cinematography and staging with great depth of field, using relatively wide-angle lenses and small lens apertures to render in sharp focus near and distant planes simultaneously. A deep-focus shot includes foreground, middle-ground, and extreme-background objects, all in focus.

·       Pull Focus: a creative camera technique in which you change focus during a shot. Usually this means adjusting the focus from one subject to another. The shot below begins focused on the plant in the foreground, then adjusts focus until the girl is sharp.

·       Pan: In cinematography and photography panning means rotating a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position

·       Tilt: A tilt is a vertical camera movement in which the camera points up or down from a stationary location. The tilt should not be confused with the Dutch Tilt which means a deliberately slanted camera angle. A variation of the tilt is the pedestal shot, in which the whole camera moves up or down

·       Crane: A shot taken from a special device called a crane, which resembles a huge mechanical arm. The crane carries the camera and cameraman, and can move in virtually any direction

·       Dolly: A shot taken from a moving vehicle. Originally tracks were laid on the set to permit a smoother movement of the camera. Today even a smooth hand-held traveling shot is considered a variation of the dolly shot.

·       Track: a shot in which the camera is mounted on a cart which travels along tracks

·       Steadicam: It mechanically isolates the operator's movement, allowing for a smooth shot, even when the camera moves over an irregular surface

·       Handheld: A portable media player. An umbrella term for a variety of handheld devices that play back audio, video or both. The device may also serve as a portable photo album for still images such as GIFs and JPEGs

·       Whip pan: A whip pan is a type of pan shot in which the camera pans so quickly that the picture blurs into indistinct streaks. It is commonly used as a transition between shots, and can indicate the passage of time or a frenetic pace of action

·       Zoom: Zooming means altering the focal length of the lens to give the illusion of moving closer to or further away from the action.

·       Static:

·       Locations 

·       Setting: Also called stage setting, stage set. the scenery and other properties used in a dramatic performance.

·       Props: A prop, formally known as (theatrical) property, is an object used on stage or on screen by actors during a performance or screen production. In practical terms, a prop is anything movable or portable on a stage or a set, distinct from the actors, scenery, costumes, and electrical equipment.

·       Costume:  a style of dress, including accessories and hairdos, especially that peculiar to a nation, region, group, or historical period.  Fashion of dress appropriate to a occasion or season: dancing costume; winter costume.

·       Hair and make‐up:

·       Facial expression and body language:

·       Blocking: 

·      Low key lighting: Low key light accentuates the contours of the subject by throwing areas into shade while a fill light or reflector may illuminate the shadow areas to control contrast.

·      High key lighting: High-key lighting is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene. This was originally done partly for technological reasons, since early film and television did not deal well with high contrast ratios, but now is used to suggest an upbeat mood. 

Description 

·      A specific facial feature fills the frame to ensure the audience focuses on that facial feature and the characters emotion/reaction. Extreme close-up

·      Head and shoulders, usually used to draw focus to a specific character or object. Close up

·      Shows torso and some background. Middle shot

·      Shows entire body of a character, shows background/location. Long shot

·      Tells the audience where we are; establishes a location.

Establishing shot

·      A camera shot taken from the position of the subjects. Point of view

·      Two characters fill the frame.

·      This shot looks over an actor’s shoulder, looking at another actor to show that they are having a conversation.

·      The audience is at the same height/level as the actors/characters.

·      Over the shoulder shot

·      The camera is higher than most of the actors, and looks down on a character/actor. High angle shot

·      The camera is lower than most of the actors, and looks up on a character/actor. Low angle shot

·      A shot which is tilted to one side. Oblique

·      The view from high above, as if you were looking from the perspective of a bird. Birds eye view

·      As if the camera was on the ground and you were looking through the eyes of an insect/worm from the ground. Worm-eye view

Close up shot

Middle shot

Long shot

Over the shoulder shot

High angle shot

Low angle shot

Oblique

Birds eye view

Point of view

Worm eyes view

Establishing shot

Extreme close-uo